1. S₁: Hungary, with a population of about ten million, lies between Czechoslovakia to the north and Yugoslavia to the south.
S₆: The new industries derive mainly from agricultural production.

P: Here a great deal of grain is grown.
Q: In recent years, however, progress has been made also in the field of industrialisation.
R: Most of this country consists of an extremely fertile plain, through which the river Danube flows.
S: In addition to grain, the plain produces potatoes, sugar, wine and livestock.

2. S₁: The real cause for the rise and fall of the sea level was not known to men for a long time.
S₆: So they concluded that the Moon and the tide are connected in some way.

P: They found out that the Moon is a satellite and it travels a regular path around the Earth. I
Q: As time passed and knowledge increased, men began to learn more about the heaven and the stars and the planets.
R: They noticed that the Moon rose each day about an hour later than it rose the day defore and the peak of the high tide also comes about an hour later each day.
S: Some imagined that the Earth itself was Alive and the rising and falling of the tide was caused by the breathing of the Earth's big body.

3. S₁: Human ways of life have steadily changed.
S₆: During the last few years change has been even more rapid than usual.

P: From that time to this, civilisation has always been changing.
Q: About ten thousand years ago, man lived entirely by hunting.
R: Ancient Egypt -Greece - the Roman Empire - the Dark Ages and the Middle Ages - the Renaissance the age of modem science and of modern nations - one has succeeded the other; and history has never stood still.
S: A settled, civilised life began only when agriculture was discovered.

4. S₁: Production of c6ins starts with the buying of unmixed metals and their testing by the Assay Department.
S₆: The blanks are heated to soften them, then rolled so that the rim is raised, and are stamped with the design of the coin.

P: These ingots are reheated until the temperature is hot enough f6r hot rolling.
Q: During this stage, the ingots pass through a series of rollers until they form long, thin sheets which are the thickness of a coin.
R: From these thin strips, blank discs are punched.
S: Then the metals are alloyed in oil fired or electric arc furnaces, and cast into ingots 40 cm wide, 15 cm thick and 6 m long.

5. S₁: Ingratitude stings strongest where relationship is closest.
S₆: From any warm and healthy human relationship expectation of returns has to be weeded out.

P: Expectation turns innocent relationship into commerce.
Q: Human relationship is adulterated with sly commerce.
R: In commerce, of course, give and take is understood.
S: Most relationships are founded on mutual expectations.

6. S₁: Widowhood in India used to be specially miserable.
S₆: Today nobody looks upon remarriage of widows with disgust or disapproval.

P: There were widows even in ages ranging from five to ten.
Q: A widow was a widow always.
R: However, several communities began to rebel against the illtreatment of widows.
S: She could not marry ugain however tender in age she might be.

7. S₁: In the present day it is not necessary that generals or great officers should fight with their own hands, because it is their duty to direct the movements of their followers.
S₆: Robert Bruce was so remarkably active and powerful that he came through manypersonal dangers.

P: But in the ancient times, kings and great lords were obliged to put themselves into the very front.
Q: Therefore, it was of great consequence that they should be strong men and dexterous in the use of their arms.
R: The artillery and the soldiers shoot at the enemy, and men seldom mingle and fight hand to hand.
S: They fought like ordinary men with the lance and other weapons.

8. S₁: While talking to a group, one should feel self- confident and courageous.
S₆: Any man can develop his capacity if he has the desire to do so.

P: Nor is it a gift bestowed by providence on only a few.
Q: One should also learn how to think calmly and clearly.
R: It is like the ability to play golf.
S: It is not as difficult as most men imagine.

9. S₁: The Hound of Baskervilles was feared by the people of the area.
S₆: The Hound of Baskervilles remains an unsolved mystery.

P: Some people spoke of seeing a huge, shadowy form of a hound at midnight on the moor.
Q: But they spoke of it in tones of horror.
R: Nobody had actually seen the hound.
S: This shadowy form did not reveal any details about the animal.

10. S₁: Most people know that economics deals with such items as population, natural resources, incomes, tariffs, money and prices.
S₆: From this view, human behaviour is seen as activity directed towards the achievement of various objectives through the use of various resources.

P: Instead, it is how it organises and analyses its materials; it is the perspective from which it views the world that makes it a special field of study.
Q: However, it is not what economics deals with that makes it a distinctive science.
R: Indeed, the list of topics can be greatly extended.
S: Economics is a particular view of reality.